引导词(巧解定语从句引导词)

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文|新疆哈密二中 常玉国

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定语从句学习中最难的就是引导词的准确使用问题，也是定语从句考查频率最高的考点。其实，掌握了下面公式，这个问题就可以迎刃而解：

引导词=指什么+作什么

所谓“指什么”引导词，就是说引导词是指代人、事、物，还是全句？这点一般取决于先行词；而“作什么”，则是看引导词在句中作什么句子成分，这个取决于定语从句——两者相比，作什么成分更为重要！

●试试●尝试下面这组题目，看看是不是头大了？

1.This is the factory ________ we worked three years ago.

2.This is the factory ________ we visited three years ago.

3.This is the factory ________ we spent three years when we were young.

4.This is the factory ________ produced bicycles three years ago.

5.This is the factory ________ products sold well three years ago.

6.This is the factory ________ the products sold well three years ago.

其实，把握住了“引导词”=“（先行词）指什么+作什么（担当何种句子成分）”这个公式，特别是引导词在句中担当的句子成分这个牛鼻子，题目就很简单了！

●找找●你能对照下表快速准确地确定上面题目的引导词吗？

●查查●以上6题答案解析如下。你做得对吗？

1. where或in which（句中缺地点状语）；

2. that或which或省略（visit为及物动词，句中缺宾语）；

3. where或in which（定语从句主谓宾齐全，缺地点状语）；

4. which或that（句中缺主语）；

5. whose（空后是名词，一定缺定语；只要缺定语，一定用whose）；

6. of which（请注意和第5题比较，是不是多了一个定冠词the？这就是“of which+ the +名词”或“the+名词+of which”用法，相当于whose的变体）。

●想想●用上面“公式”，试着解解这些高考题目，想想你的思路。

【高考链接】（2015年新课标卷I，语法填空）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River___64___are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

【解析】考查定语从句引导词的准确应用，答案为which或that。此处容易误填为where。

公式：which/that=（指代）the limestone mountain tops and dark waters +作（非限定性定语从句中的）主语。

【高考链接】（2015年广东卷，语法填空）When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ___24___ people from the town met regularly.

【解析】考查定语从句引导词的准确应用，答案为where。

公式：where=（指代）the market+作（定语从句中）地点状语。

●练练●趁热打铁，再练一把，看看你学会了多少？

1. （2017年北京卷，单选改编，31） The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

2. （2017年江苏卷，单选改编引导词，28）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

3.（2017年天津卷，单选改编，9）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

4.（2016年天津卷，单选改编，9）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.

5.（2015年重庆卷，单选改编，14）He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of________ were published in the 1990s.

6.（2015年北京卷，单选改编，24）Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, ________you can hear some lovely music.

7. （2015年陕西卷，单选改编，15） As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.

8.（2014年广东卷，语法填空）The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball.

9. （2013年福建卷，单选改编，27）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those________ lives were affected.

10. （2013年山东卷，单选改编，31）There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.

【参考答案】

1.that/which 2.whose 3.whose 4.when 5.which 6.where 7.when 8.where 9.whose 10.as

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